May
Vassula Ryden (who is Greek Orthodox) receive holy communion when participating at
Catholic Masses ?
Vassula
Ryden, who is Greek Orthodox, frequently receives communion when participating at Catholic
Masses. In her answers to the questions put by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the
Faith in 2002 (http://www.tlig.org/en/testimonies/churchpos/cdf2005/q2a/ ), Mrs Ryden explained her reasons for receiving communion,
enumerating the (many) cases in which she participates fully in the Eucharist celebrated
in Catholic churches. However this participation is not legitimate for neither the
Catholic nor the Orthodox Churches.
From the Orthodox point of view, the Metropolite of Glastonbury, His Eminence Abba Seraphim,
adressed the matter in a Memorandum on Vassula Ryden to the clergy of the British Orthodox
Church (August 2005). He stated that:
"In receiving the sacraments at altars other than
those of the Orthodox Church [justifying this by quoting the Decree Orientarium
Ecclesiarum of Vatican
II], Mrs Ryden is disregarding Orthodox
canonical discipline which forbids it" (http://www.infovassula.ch/tliggreekorthodox.htm)
From a Catholic perspective, the recent
Apostolic Exhortation Sacramentum Caritatis of Pope Benedict XVI
also gives some important explanations regarding the general question of the participation
in the Eucharist by Christians who are not Catholic:
Participation
by Christians who are not Catholic
56.
The subject of participation in the Eucharist inevitably raises the question of Christians
belonging to Churches or Ecclesial Communities not in full communion with the Catholic
Church. In this regard, it must be said that the intrinsic link between the Eucharist and
the Church's unity inspires us to long for the day when we will be able to celebrate the
Holy Eucharist together with all believers in Christ, and in this way to express visibly
the fullness of unity that Christ willed for his disciples (cf. Jn 17:21). On the other
hand, the respect we owe to the sacrament of Christ's Body and Blood prevents us from
making it a mere "means" to be used indiscriminately in order to attain that
unity. (172) The Eucharist in fact not only manifests our personal communion with Jesus
Christ, but also implies full communio with the Church. This is the reason
why, sadly albeit not without hope, we ask Christians who are not Catholic to
understand and respect our conviction, which is grounded in the Bible and Tradition. We
hold that eucharistic communion and ecclesial communion are so linked as to make it
generally impossible for non-Catholic Christians to receive the former without enjoying
the latter. There would be even less sense in actually concelebrating with ministers
of Churches or ecclesial communities not in full communion with the Catholic Church. Yet
it remains true that, for the sake of their eternal salvation, individual non-Catholic
Christians can be admitted to the Eucharist, the sacrament of Reconciliation and the
Anointing of the Sick. But this is possible only in specific, exceptional
situations and requires that certain precisely defined conditions be met (173). These are
clearly indicated in the Catechism of the Catholic Church (174) and in its Compendium (175). Everyone is obliged to observe these norms
faithfully. (http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/apost_exhortations/documents/hf_ben-xvi_exh_20070222_sacramentum-caritatis_en.html#Actuosa_participatio
)
The Catechism
of the Catholic Churches indicates that:
1399 The
Eastern churches that are not in full communion with the Catholic Church celebrate the
Eucharist with great love. "These Churches, although separated from us, yet possess
true sacraments, above all - by apostolic succession - the priesthood and the Eucharist,
whereby they are still joined to us in closest intimacy." A certain communion in
sacris, and so in the Eucharist, "given suitable circumstances and the approval of
Church authority, is not merely possible but is encouraged." - http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P42.HTM
Therefore,
the full participation in the Eucharist of our Orthodox brothers is admitted only when
special circumstances have been approved by Church authorities (generally the Ordinary of
the place). However, Orthodox faithful should also obtain the authorization from their own
Church authorities before receiving Catholic Sacraments, in accordance with their own
canonical discipline (see also: http://www.infovassula.ch/tliggreekorthodox.htm)